In a previous ezine article, Anger Management: Four Steps to Avoid Being Controlled by Your Anger Using Emotions As Tools, I discussed 4 steps to avoid being controlled by your anger. They were:
1. Recognize that you are angry,
2. Take a deep breath and question how real the threat is,
3. Choose a response that best fits the nature of the threat and
4. Take action.
This article touches upon steps 2 and 3 as I explore the nature of a "threat".
The message of anger according to the Emotions As Tools Model is that you believe you are facing a "threat" that you can overpower and eliminate by throwing enough force at it. Anger is an empowering emotion which energizes you, prepares you for action, and tells you that this is a battle you believe you can win.
There are two basic types of threat:
1. Survival based threats
2. Psychological threats
Survival Based Threats
Survival threats include any situation where you believe your life or your limb is at risk.
Survival based threats are clear, easy to identify, and there is no ambiguity. If it looks like a threat, treat it as such. In these situations, it is recommended that you use all the power your anger gives you to hit, kick, claw, scream, or bite to protect yourself.
Dealing with survival based threats is the "reason" you have anger. These threats are the foundation for the development of anger as one of the basic emotions that existed when we were cave people and that can be found today in all human societies and some animal species.
Psychological Threats
Psychological threats are often very ambiguous because they are experienced as if they were survival threats but your life and limb are not at risk.
There are two basic types of psychological threat.
1. Perceived threats to your values, beliefs, goals, or sense of fairness.
2. Perceived threats to your model of the world.
Values, beliefs, goals, and fairness.
A psychological threat appears to "attack" an important value, a belief, a goal, your sense of fairness or your beliefs about right and wrong.
Your values are strongly held beliefs about what is morally or ethically right in a given situation. If a strong value, moral, or ethical issue is at stake, then it is appropriate to use your anger as a motivator to take action to defend your values, morals, or ethics.
Your model of the world.
Other situations that are experienced as a psychological threat involve what you believe SHOULD be happening.
There are two basic possibilities with lots of variations.
First, there is the belief that A PERSON (or group) should act in a particular way toward you and is not.
Secondly, there is the belief about a SITUATION. This is the belief that something should happen in a given setting that is not happening.
In both cases, you have a model of the world in your head and the situation in which you find yourself is not consistent with that model.
The perceived threat is to your model.
When your model of the way the world should be is challenged, it may, or may not, be in your best interest to go on the attack.
These are some of the reasons for carefully choosing how you RESPOND..
The other person's view of the world is just as valid for them as yours is for you. To get angry about and attack another because they did not do what you believed they should, or must, do is to impose your beliefs on them. You probably do not like it when someone imposes their beliefs on you and it is the same for them.
The problem is that, while you are entitled to see the world any way you want, there is no justification to expect that the person, group, or situation will do what you want.
Your anger prepares you to overpower the threat without regard to the nature of the threat. You have to decide whether it is worth the effort to change the person or situation such that it meets your expectations.
Sometimes it will be worth it to respond and other times it will not.
Two examples:
1. In an office or home setting: "You should appreciate and reward the work I do." (A possible threat to your sense of fairness or to your model of the world.)
2. You are working on a project that isn't going well and you get angry at yourself (or the project): " I should be able to _____________. " ( A possible threat to your self-image.)
How do you deal with these situations?
We can revisit steps 2 and 3 at the beginning of this article for the answer.
Step 2, above suggests that you take a deep breath.
There are two reasons why it is always good to take a deep breath before you act when dealing with your emotions.
1. A deep breath calms you down just enough so that you can make an adaptive decision about what you want to do.
2. A deep breath gives you an extra second or two to consider what your next step will be.
Step 3 above addresses choosing your response.
There are two primary questions to ask.
I. WHAT IS REALLY AT RISK HERE?
A. Are my values, morals, or ethics being threatened?
If the answer is "yes", action is appropriate.
B. Is my model of the world, as I think it should be, being challenged?
If the answer is "yes", action MAY or MAY NOT be appropriate.
II. WHAT ACTION IS NEEDED?
A. Do I need to take some action to "right a perceived wrong"?
B. What action is in my best interest to take?
C. Is it better to take limited or no action as the other person's model is just as valid as mine?
It is the job of your emotion to alert you to the presence of a possible threat and prepare your body so you can take appropriate action.
It is the job of your cerebral cortex, the thinking part of your brain, to assess the situation in order to determine whether or not a threat exists and whether or not you need to take action.